英検準1級の要約問題

英検から出た出題例

問題と訳

Instructions: Read the article below and summarize it in your own words as far as possible in English.

Suggested length: 60-70 words

Write your summary in the space provided on your answer sheet. Any writing outside the space will not be graded.

From the 1980s to the early 2000s, many national museums in Britain were charging their visitors entrance fees. The newly elected government, however, was supportive of the arts. It introduced a landmark policy to provide financial aid to museums so that they would drop their entrance fees. As a result, entrance to many national museums, including the Natural History Museum, became free of charge.

Supporters of the policy said that as it would widen access to national museums, it would have significant benefits. People, regardless of their education or income, would have the opportunity to experience the large collections of artworks in museums and learn about the country’s cultural history.

Although surveys indicated that visitors to national museums that became free increased by an average of 70 percent after the policy’s introduction, critics claimed the policy was not completely successful. This increase, they say, mostly consisted of the same people visiting museums many times. Additionally, some independent museums with entrance fees said the policy negatively affected them. Their visitor numbers decreased because people were visiting national museums to avoid paying fees, causing the independent museums to struggle financially.

訳

指示：以下の記事を読んで、できるだけ自分の言葉で英語で要約してください。

提案された長さ：60-70語

答案用紙に提供されたスペースにあなたの要約を書いてください。スペースの外に書かれたものは採点されません。

1980年代から2000年代初頭にかけて、イギリスの多くの国立美術館は入場料を徴収していました。しかし、新しく選出された政府は芸術を支持し、美術館が入場料を撤廃するように財政援助を提供する画期的な政策を導入しました。その結果、自然史博物館を含む多くの国立美術館の入場が無料になりました。

この政策の支持者は、国立美術館へのアクセスを広げることで、教育や収入に関係なく、人々が博物館の大規模なコレクションや国の文化史を体験し学ぶ機会を得られると述べました。

しかし、無料になった国立美術館の訪問者数が政策導入後に平均70％増加したという調査結果にもかかわらず、批評家はこの政策が完全に成功したわけではないと主張しています。この増加は、主に同じ人々が何度も美術館を訪れたことによるものであると彼らは言います。さらに、入場料を徴収する独立した美術館の中には、この政策が彼らに悪影響を及ぼしたと言うものもいます。人々が料金を払うことを避けて国立美術館を訪れたため、これらの独立した美術館の訪問者数が減少し、財政的に苦境に立たされました。

英検協会の解答例と訳

The British government implemented a policy that would help national museums to provide free admission to the public. Supporters believed this would encourage people from various backgrounds to visit museums. However, while visitors increased, some critics of the policy pointed out the increase was largely due to repeated visits from the same people. Moreover, some independent museums with admission fees stated the policy led to a drop in their revenues.

訳

イギリス政府は、国立博物館が一般公開に無料入場を提供できるようにする政策を実施しました。支持者たちは、この政策がさまざまな背景を持つ人々を博物館に訪れさせることを促進すると信じていました。しかし、訪問者が増えた一方で、政策の一部批判者は、増加は主に同じ人々の繰り返し訪問によるものだと指摘しました。さらに、入場料を徴収する一部の独立した博物館は、この政策が収入の減少につながったと述べました。

形式的な分析

本文が3つの段落からなっている。第一と第二を1文に、第三を2文に要約した内容(4つの文)を繋げたのが解答例になっている。

そうちゃ式の解答例

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解答例

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内容 (10点満点中)得点: 9

この要約は、国立美術館の無料入場政策、支持者の意見、批判者の見解、そして独立した美術館が直面した課題について包括的に伝えています。重要な情報が網羅されており、記事の主旨をよく反映しています。

言語表現と文法 (10点満点中)得点: 8

文法的にはほとんど正確ですが、細かな改善が可能です。「However, critics claimed only the same people were visiting museums many times.」という文は、情報をより明確に伝えるために少し調整することができます。例えば、「However, critics claimed that primarily the same people were visiting museums multiple times.」とすることで、文の意味がより明確になります。

概観 (10点満点中)得点: 9

要約は、元の記事の主要ポイントを簡潔に伝えることに成功しています。情報は明確で、要点は適切にまとめられています。読者はこの要約から記事の核心を理解することができます。

総合評価
全体として、この要約は非常に良い仕上がりです。内容は正確で、主要な情報を効果的に伝えています。文法や言い回しにはわずかな改善の余地がありますが、これらは要約の質を大きく損ねるものではありません。この要約は高い評価に値します。

とまあ一定の評価を得た。受験生が時間内に作成するのは、これが限界じゃないの？とも思いますが、”your own word”に変えられればパーフェクトだろうから、改善していきます。

例題：自動運転車

問題文

英文

Autonomous vehicles, or self-driving cars, are a type of car designed to travel without a human driver. They use cameras, sensors, and computer programs to understand the environment and make decisions. This technology aims to make traveling safer and more efficient.

Self-driving cars can detect objects around them, like other cars, pedestrians, and traffic signals. They can also navigate roads and change lanes by themselves. These cars are tested in many countries to ensure they are safe for public roads.

However, there are still challenges to overcome. These include improving the technology for bad weather and creating rules for how these cars should behave on the road. Despite these challenges, the future of self-driving cars looks promising. They could change how we travel, reducing accidents and making transportation more accessible to everyone.

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例題：遺伝子組換え食品の安全性と必要性

問題文

英文

Genetically modified (GM) foods are foods produced from organisms that have had changes introduced into their DNA using the methods of genetic engineering. These changes allow the plants to become resistant to pests, diseases, or environmental conditions, or to produce more nutrients.

GM foods have been a topic of debate for years. Supporters argue that genetically modified crops are essential to feed the growing global population. They claim that GM foods can enhance nutritional content, increase yields, and reduce the need for pesticides.

However, some people are concerned about the safety and ethics of genetically modifying food. They worry about potential health risks, environmental impact, and the dominance of big corporations in agriculture.

In summary, genetically modified foods have both supporters and critics. The debate revolves around their safety, ethical considerations, and their role in future agriculture.

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例題：オンライン授業

問題文

英文

Online classes have become a significant part of education around the world. They allow students to learn from anywhere, as long as they have an internet connection. This method of learning can be very flexible, making it easier for students to balance their studies with other responsibilities.

Online courses offer a variety of subjects, from mathematics to art, and they are suitable for all levels of learners. Students can watch videos, participate in discussions, and complete assignments at their own pace. This personalized approach can help students who might need more time to understand certain topics.

However, online learning also requires discipline and motivation. Without the physical presence of teachers and classmates, students need to be proactive in managing their time and ensuring they are engaging with the material. It is important for students to find a routine that works for them and to reach out for help when needed.

日本語訳

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例題：新学期が始まる時期を春から秋に変更すること

問題文

英文

Changing the start of the school year from spring to autumn is a topic of discussion in many countries. This shift could make it easier for the academic calendar to match the calendar year, potentially making the educational process smoother for students, teachers, and parents.

In countries where the school year begins in spring, students often have a long break during summer, which can disrupt the continuity of learning. By starting the school year in autumn, students might keep information better, as the long break would come after the completion of a full year of study, rather than in the middle.

Moreover, this change could help with international student exchanges and academic collaborations, as most countries follow an autumn-to-summer academic year. This alignment could make it simpler for students studying abroad, allowing for a smoother transition between different educational systems.

However, such a change would require big adjustments in school buildings, curriculum planning, and academic schedules. It would also need to consider the impact on family routines and the broader community. While there are potential benefits, the transition would need careful planning and wide agreement among everyone involved.

日本語訳

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例題：デジタル教育ツールの普及と伝統的な教育方法への挑戦

問題文

英文

The spread of digital education tools has transformed the way we learn and teach. These tools, including online courses, educational apps, and virtual classrooms, offer new opportunities for interactive learning. They make education more accessible, allowing students to learn at their own pace and time.

Traditional education methods, on the other hand, often involve face-to-face instruction in physical classrooms. While this approach has its advantages, such as direct interaction and immediate feedback, it can sometimes be less flexible and personalized than digital methods.

Digital tools also introduce challenges. Not all students have equal access to technology, which can widen the educational gap. Moreover, the effectiveness of learning through digital platforms depends heavily on the design of the educational content and the learners’ motivation.

Despite these challenges, digital education tools are becoming an integral part of the educational landscape. They do not necessarily replace traditional methods but complement them, offering a blended approach that can enhance learning outcomes.

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例題：フードシェアリングの普及と食品廃棄問題への対策

問題文

英文

The rise of food sharing initiatives is a key solution to the problem of food waste, which has become a significant environmental and economic issue worldwide. Food sharing platforms connect people who have surplus food with those who need it, reducing the amount of food that goes to waste.

Food sharing not only helps in cutting down the waste but also promotes community interaction and support. People can donate unwanted food items to local food banks, charities, or through apps that alert users to available surplus food nearby. This approach helps to ensure that less food is thrown away and more is used efficiently.

However, the success of food sharing depends on widespread participation and awareness. It requires the cooperation of households, restaurants, supermarkets, and food producers. Each participant needs to be committed to reducing waste, which can include better inventory management and providing food to sharing platforms promptly.

Despite these challenges, food sharing has shown great potential in minimizing waste and supporting those in need. As more people and organizations recognize its benefits, food sharing is likely to become a more integral part of our efforts to address food waste and enhance food security.

日本語訳

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例題：都市部における自転車利用の促進とその交通への影響

問題文

英文

Promoting bicycle use in urban areas has become a popular strategy to address traffic congestion and reduce environmental pollution. Cities around the world are expanding bike lanes, offering bike-sharing programs, and implementing policies that prioritize cyclists over cars in certain areas.

Bicycles offer a clean, efficient, and economical mode of transportation. They do not emit pollutants, which helps improve air quality. Furthermore, cycling reduces the need for large parking spaces and can decrease traffic congestion, leading to a more fluid urban mobility.

However, the success of this initiative depends on the availability of safe cycling infrastructure. Without proper bike lanes and parking facilities, cyclists may face risks from motorized traffic. Therefore, cities must invest in comprehensive cycling infrastructure and public awareness campaigns to encourage safe and widespread bicycle use.

This shift towards cycling not only benefits individual health by promoting physical activity but also improves the overall quality of life in cities. As urban populations grow, embracing bicycles as a primary mode of transport can significantly reduce urban transport challenges.

日本語訳

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例題：老化防止としての抗酸化食品の役割

問題文

英文

Eating foods high in antioxidants is key for slowing aging. These foods, like blueberries, spinach, and almonds, protect cells from damage caused by unstable molecules known as free radicals. Regularly eating these foods improves skin, brain health, and strengthens the immune system, which is vital as we age. While not a cure-all, incorporating these foods into your diet supports overall health and helps reduce the risk of chronic diseases.

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例題：教育における制服の歴史とその必要性

問題文

英文

School uniforms have a long history in the educational systems around the world. Initially, uniforms were introduced in England in the 16th century to create a sense of equality and discipline among students. They were simple and durable, designed to withstand the wear and tear of school activities.

Over the centuries, the style and purpose of school uniforms have evolved. In many countries, they are seen as a way to reduce social differences between students, as everyone wears the same outfit regardless of their background. Uniforms are also believed to improve the learning environment by reducing distractions related to fashion.

Today, while some argue that uniforms restrict personal expression, many educators and parents see them as essential for maintaining discipline and focus in school. They continue to be a common requirement in schools across many cultures and countries.

日本語訳

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例題：都市開発と歴史的建造物の保護

問題文

英文

Urban development often leads to the destruction of historical buildings. These buildings are crucial for preserving a city’s cultural heritage and identity. However, as cities grow, the need for modern infrastructure sometimes conflicts with preserving these landmarks. For instance, old neighborhoods may be replaced by new apartment complexes or shopping malls.

To address this, many cities have introduced regulations to protect historical buildings. These rules aim to preserve their unique architecture and significance while allowing for modernization. For example, cities may designate certain areas as historical districts, restricting changes that could alter their character.

Striking a balance between progress and preservation remains a challenge. However, with thoughtful urban planning and community involvement, cities can maintain their cultural heritage while evolving to meet modern needs.

日本語訳

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例題：福祉制度の歴史と変遷

問題文

英文

Welfare systems have a rich history that dates back to ancient times. In early societies, mutual aid was common, with communities supporting members in need. However, the modern welfare state began to take shape in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, particularly in Europe. Governments started to introduce formalized systems to support the elderly, unemployed, and those unable to work due to illness or disability.

The expansion of welfare systems continued after World War II, with many countries developing comprehensive social safety nets. These included health insurance, pensions, and unemployment benefits. The aim was to provide security for all citizens, reducing poverty and inequality.

In recent decades, welfare systems have evolved to address new challenges, such as aging populations and economic globalization. While some argue that welfare programs are too expensive, they remain essential for many people, helping to maintain social stability.

日本語訳

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例題：アクティブラーニングの効果と実践

問題文

英文

Active learning is an instructional approach that engages students in activities such as discussions, problem-solving, and group work, rather than passive listening. Research has shown that active learning can lead to better retention of information, deeper understanding of concepts, and improved critical thinking skills compared to traditional lecture-based methods.

One of the key benefits of active learning is its ability to promote student engagement. By actively participating in the learning process, students are more likely to stay focused and motivated. This approach also encourages collaboration and communication skills, which are essential for success in today’s workforce.

Implementing active learning strategies, however, requires careful planning and support from educators. Teachers need to create opportunities for students to interact with course material and each other. This may involve designing group projects, facilitating discussions, or using interactive technology in the classroom.

Despite its benefits, active learning may face challenges in certain educational settings. Large class sizes, limited resources, and resistance to change from both students and instructors can hinder its effective implementation. Nevertheless, many educators recognize the value of active learning and continue to explore ways to integrate it into their teaching practices.

日本語訳

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例題：ベーシックインカムの導入とその影響

問題文

英文

Basic income, also known as universal basic income (UBI), is a system where the government provides a regular, unconditional payment to all citizens. This idea has been gaining attention as a potential solution to various social and economic problems. Proponents argue that basic income can reduce poverty and inequality by providing a safety net for everyone, regardless of their employment status.

One of the main benefits of basic income is that it offers financial security. People can use the money to cover basic needs such as food, housing, and healthcare. This can lead to improved mental and physical health, as financial stress is reduced. Additionally, basic income can provide individuals with the freedom to pursue education, start businesses, or engage in creative activities without the constant worry of financial instability.

However, there are also concerns about the implementation of basic income. Critics argue that it could be very costly and may require higher taxes to fund the program. There is also the fear that some people might choose not to work if they receive regular payments, which could negatively impact the economy. Furthermore, the effectiveness of basic income in addressing poverty and inequality is still debated, as it may not address the root causes of these issues.

In summary, while basic income has the potential to offer significant benefits, it also faces substantial challenges. Further research and pilot programs are needed to better understand its impact and feasibility.

日本語訳

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例題：都市農業のメリットと課題

問題文

英文

Urban agriculture refers to the practice of cultivating, processing, and distributing food in or around cities. This practice has gained popularity due to its potential benefits for communities. One of the primary advantages is the ability to provide fresh, locally-grown produce to urban residents. This reduces the need for transportation, which can lower carbon emissions and reduce the environmental impact.

Urban farming also promotes food security by making healthy food more accessible to city dwellers. Additionally, it can create green spaces in urban environments, improving air quality and providing recreational areas for residents. These green spaces can also help mitigate the urban heat island effect, where cities are significantly warmer than their rural surroundings.

However, there are challenges associated with urban agriculture. Space in cities is limited and often expensive, making it difficult to establish large-scale farming operations. Additionally, urban soil can be contaminated with pollutants, posing risks to both the food grown and the people consuming it. Urban farmers also need to navigate complex regulations and zoning laws that can vary significantly from one city to another.

Despite these challenges, the benefits of urban agriculture are substantial. With proper planning and support, cities can integrate farming into their infrastructure, contributing to sustainable and resilient urban communities.

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例題：エシカルファッションの重要性

問題文

英文

Ethical fashion, also known as sustainable fashion, emphasizes the importance of creating clothing in a way that respects the environment and the workers involved in the production process. This movement has gained momentum as consumers become more aware of the negative impacts of fast fashion, which often involves poor working conditions and environmental degradation.

One of the primary benefits of ethical fashion is its focus on fair labor practices. Brands committed to ethical fashion ensure that workers receive fair wages, work in safe conditions, and have access to benefits. This not only improves the lives of the workers but also supports local economies and promotes social justice.

Another significant aspect of ethical fashion is its emphasis on environmental sustainability. Ethical fashion brands use eco-friendly materials, reduce waste, and implement sustainable production practices. This helps in reducing the carbon footprint of the fashion industry and conserves natural resources.

Despite its benefits, ethical fashion faces challenges such as higher production costs and limited consumer awareness. Ethical fashion products are often more expensive due to fair wages and sustainable materials. However, as awareness grows, more consumers are willing to invest in clothing that aligns with their values.

日本語訳

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例題：校則の歴史とその是非

問題文

英文

School rules, or “kousoku” in Japanese, have a long history in the educational system, particularly in Japan. Initially, these rules were introduced to maintain order and discipline among students, ensuring a safe and conducive learning environment. Over time, however, the nature and strictness of these rules have evolved, often sparking debates about their relevance and necessity.

In the past, school rules were primarily focused on maintaining decorum, with strict guidelines on students’ appearance, behavior, and daily routines. For example, regulations on hair length, uniform style, and even the type of socks students could wear were common. These rules were seen as essential for instilling discipline and preparing students for the rigid structure of society.

However, in recent years, there has been growing criticism of certain school rules, particularly those that seem outdated or overly restrictive. Critics argue that such rules can stifle students’ individuality and creativity, leading to a more conformist mindset. Additionally, some believe that overly strict rules can create unnecessary stress and anxiety for students, negatively impacting their mental health.

Despite these criticisms, supporters of school rules argue that they play a crucial role in maintaining order and teaching students about responsibility and respect. They believe that some level of regulation is necessary to prepare students for the expectations of adult life. The challenge, then, is finding a balance between maintaining discipline and allowing students the freedom to express themselves.

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例題：生成AIと教育の倫理問題：学生の創造性とオリジナリティ

問題文

英文

The use of generative AI in education has raised important ethical concerns, particularly regarding its impact on students’ creativity and originality. Generative AI, which can create content such as essays, art, and music, offers exciting possibilities for enhancing learning. However, there is a growing concern that relying too much on AI-generated content might diminish students’ ability to think creatively and develop original ideas.

One of the primary concerns is that students might become overly dependent on AI tools, using them to complete assignments without fully engaging in the learning process. This could lead to a situation where students produce work that is technically proficient but lacks personal insight or originality. In the long run, this might undermine the development of critical thinking and problem-solving skills, which are essential in both academic and professional settings.

Additionally, there is the question of ownership and authorship. When students use AI to generate content, it becomes unclear who the true author of the work is. This raises concerns about academic integrity and the value of students’ own contributions. Educators and policymakers must carefully consider these issues when integrating AI into the classroom, ensuring that students are encouraged to use AI as a tool to enhance their creativity, rather than replace it.

In conclusion, while generative AI holds great potential for education, it is crucial to address the ethical challenges it presents. By finding a balance between AI assistance and human creativity, we can ensure that students continue to develop the skills they need to succeed in the future.

日本語訳

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例題：生成AIの導入が教師の役割に与える影響

問題文

英文

The introduction of generative AI in education is reshaping the role of teachers in significant ways. Traditionally, teachers have been the primary source of knowledge, guiding students through the learning process and providing personalized feedback. However, with the rise of generative AI, which can generate lesson plans, create educational content, and even assess student work, the dynamics of the classroom are changing.

One of the key impacts of generative AI is the shift from a teacher-centered model to a more student-centered approach. Teachers are increasingly becoming facilitators of learning rather than just providers of information. They are tasked with helping students navigate AI-generated content, ensuring that it meets educational standards and is used effectively. This requires teachers to develop new skills in technology management and digital literacy.

Furthermore, the use of generative AI in education raises questions about the value of human interaction in the learning process. While AI can handle many routine tasks, such as grading or content delivery, it lacks the ability to provide the emotional support and mentorship that are crucial for student development. Teachers must therefore balance the efficiency of AI tools with the need to maintain meaningful connections with their students.

In conclusion, while generative AI offers many opportunities to enhance education, it also challenges the traditional role of teachers. As AI becomes more integrated into the classroom, teachers will need to adapt, focusing on their unique ability to provide guidance, support, and a human connection that AI cannot replicate.

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例題：デジタルデバイドとその解消方法

問題文

英文

The digital divide refers to the gap between individuals or communities that have access to modern information and communication technologies (ICT) and those that do not. This divide can exist due to various factors such as economic status, geographical location, education level, and age. In today’s increasingly digital world, the digital divide has significant implications for education, employment, and access to information.

One of the main causes of the digital divide is economic inequality. People in lower-income households often lack the financial resources to purchase computers, smartphones, or pay for internet services. Additionally, rural areas may have limited access to high-speed internet due to the lack of infrastructure. This limits opportunities for online learning, remote work, and access to digital services, putting these communities at a disadvantage.

To bridge the digital divide, several measures can be taken. Governments and organizations can provide affordable or free access to technology and internet services, especially in underserved areas. Educational programs can also help improve digital literacy, teaching people how to use technology effectively. Public institutions like libraries and community centers can offer free internet access and digital training programs to help those without access at home.

In conclusion, addressing the digital divide is essential for ensuring equal opportunities in the digital age. By providing access to technology and improving digital literacy, we can help close the gap and create a more inclusive society.

日本語訳

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例題：多文化共生と国際化が地域社会に与える影響

問題文

英文

The concept of multicultural coexistence has become increasingly important as communities around the world become more diverse due to globalization. Multicultural coexistence, also known as multiculturalism, refers to the peaceful and respectful living together of people from different cultural backgrounds. This approach promotes understanding and acceptance of cultural differences, which can enrich communities in many ways.

One positive impact of multicultural coexistence is the increased cultural diversity it brings to a community. People from different backgrounds contribute new ideas, traditions, and cuisines, which can broaden perspectives and foster creativity. This diversity can also attract tourism and improve the local economy by offering unique cultural experiences that appeal to visitors.

However, the rise of multicultural societies also brings challenges. Language barriers and cultural misunderstandings can create divisions and tension within communities. Additionally, issues related to integration and social inclusion arise, as newcomers may face difficulties adapting to local customs or finding employment. Governments and communities must work together to provide support systems that encourage integration, such as language classes and community events.

In conclusion, while multicultural coexistence offers many benefits, it requires ongoing efforts to overcome challenges and create inclusive communities. By promoting cultural exchange and understanding, societies can build stronger and more harmonious environments for everyone.

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